Which battle in 732 CE stopped the Islamic expansion into Western Europe?

The Battle of Tours in 732 CE stopped the northward advance of Umayyad forces into Western Europe.

Also called the Battle of Poitiers, the battle was fought in October 732 in what is now central-western France. Frankish forces led by Charles Martel confronted an Umayyad army commanded by Abd al-Rahman al-Ghafiqi, the governor of al-Andalus. The Frankish victory forced the Umayyad forces to withdraw and strengthened Charles Martel’s authority in Gaul.

Later Christian writers and many modern historians treated Tours as a decisive turning point that halted Muslim military expansion north of the Pyrenees. The victory also helped establish the political power of the Carolingian family, whose later ruler Charlemagne became one of medieval Europe’s most important monarchs.

A common oversimplification is saying that the battle ended all Muslim expansion in Europe or single-handedly determined the continent’s religion. Umayyad campaigns continued in other regions, and historians debate how decisive Tours was in the long term. Still, Battle of Tours is the standard answer to this quiz question.