Which battle fought on 3 September 1260 is dated 25 Ramadan 658 AH?

The battle fought on 3 September 1260 and associated with 25 Ramadan 658 AH was the Battle of Ain Jalut. It pitted the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt against a Mongol force led by Kitbuqa in the Jezreel Valley of southeastern Galilee.

The battle followed the Mongol destruction of Baghdad in 1258 and the capture of much of Syria. Sultan Qutuz and his commander Baybars led the Mamluk army north from Egypt after Hulagu Khan withdrew with most of his forces. The Mamluks used a feigned retreat and a concealed main force to break the Mongol advance.

Ain Jalut is remembered as a major turning point because it halted a Mongol expansion that had seemed nearly unstoppable. Sources differ in converting the date, giving either 25 or 26 Ramadan 658 AH, but they identify the same battle on 3 September 1260. The name means “Spring of Goliath.”