The flag featuring a white sun with 12 rays on a blue canton belongs to Taiwan, officially the Republic of China.
The blue canton represents a blue sky, while the white sun is known as the “White Sun.” Its 12 triangular rays symbolize the 12 traditional two-hour periods of the day, suggesting continuous progress and constant renewal. The surrounding red field is traditionally associated with the sacrifices of revolutionaries.
The white sun emblem was designed by Lu Haodong in the late 19th century and later incorporated into the national flag by Sun Yat-sen and the Republic of China government. The flag was adopted nationally in 1928 and has been used in Taiwan since the Republic of China government relocated there in 1949.
A common mix-up is with Japan, whose flag has a simple red sun without rays. The Philippines also has a white sun, but it appears inside a triangular white field and has eight rays, not 12.