Which Aramaic prayer releases vows at the opening of Yom Kippur?

The Aramaic declaration that traditionally opens Yom Kippur is Kol Nidre.

Kol Nidre means “All vows” and takes its name from its opening words. It is a formal declaration concerning vows, oaths, prohibitions, and similar commitments. Although commonly called a prayer, it is more precisely a legal or liturgical declaration and does not address God with a request in the usual sense.

Before Yom Kippur evening services, the cantor traditionally recites Kol Nidre three times, often before an open ark and with Torah scrolls present. The passage is usually chanted in Aramaic, although Italian and Romaniote communities traditionally use a Hebrew version. Its haunting melody has made Kol Nidre one of the best-known pieces of Jewish religious music.

The wording differs between traditions: some versions refer to vows from the previous year, while others emphasize the coming year. Kol Nidre is not a blanket excuse to break promises, and Jewish law treats personal vows and obligations seriously. It is also distinct from Vidui, the confession of sins recited throughout Yom Kippur.