Which ancient wonder stood in Alexandria, Egypt, before being destroyed by earthquakes?

The Lighthouse of Alexandria was the ancient wonder that stood in Alexandria, Egypt, before earthquakes destroyed it.

Also called the Pharos of Alexandria, the lighthouse was built on the island of Pharos to guide ships into the busy harbour. Construction is usually dated to the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus in the third century BC, after Alexandria had become a major centre of Hellenistic trade and scholarship.

Ancient writers described it as exceptionally tall, and later estimates commonly place it somewhere between about 100 and 120 metres, though its exact height is unknown. A fire or reflective surface at the top may have helped signal ships, but details of its lighting system remain uncertain.

A series of earthquakes damaged the structure over several centuries. Much of the surviving stone was reused in the Qaitbay Citadel, built on the same site in the fifteenth century. The lighthouse gave the word “pharos” to several later languages.