The ancient Indian physician known for the Sushruta Samhita is Sushruta.
The Sushruta Samhita is a foundational Sanskrit medical treatise associated with Ayurveda. It is especially famous for its detailed discussions of surgery, anatomy, medical instruments, wound treatment, and surgical training. Sushruta is often described as a pioneer of reconstructive surgery because the text discusses procedures resembling early forms of rhinoplasty and other repairs.
The work covers much more than surgery: diagnosis, toxicology, childbirth, pediatrics, diet, and general medical care also appear in it. Students were traditionally instructed to practise incisions on vegetables, animal skins, or other materials before operating on patients.
A common mix-up is Charaka, who is associated with the Charaka Samhita and is especially linked with internal medicine. Dhanvantari is a revered divine figure in Indian medical tradition, while Atreya is associated with another important lineage of Ayurvedic teaching. The surviving Sushruta Samhita was compiled and edited over several historical layers, but Sushruta remains its canonical namesake and attributed author.