The Gupta dynasty is traditionally credited with founding the Gupta Empire. The dynasty emerged in northern India during the late 3rd century CE, initially ruling a relatively small territory in or around Magadha before expanding dramatically.
Sri Gupta is usually identified as the dynasty’s founder, followed by his son Ghatotkacha. Chandragupta I transformed the family’s regional power into an empire and adopted the prestigious title Maharajadhiraja, or “king of great kings.” His marriage to the Licchavi princess Kumaradevi also strengthened the dynasty’s political position.
The Gupta Empire reached its greatest prominence under Samudragupta and Chandragupta II. Historians sometimes distinguish between the founder of the Gupta dynasty, Sri Gupta, and the founder of the Gupta Empire as a major imperial state, Chandragupta I. That distinction explains why the dynasty—not the Mauryas, Nandas, or Shungas—is the correct answer here.