Hesiod first recorded the full surviving myth of Pandora and humanity’s troubles.
Hesiod was an ancient Greek poet usually dated to the late eighth or early seventh century BCE. His Works and Days contains the best-known narrative: Zeus arranges Pandora’s creation, she enters the household of Epimetheus, and the contents of her vessel escape into the world.
Hesiod also mentions Pandora in Theogony, but that poem gives a shorter treatment. Works and Days provides the fuller sequence and connects the story to the punishment of humanity after Prometheus steals fire. These poems are among the earliest surviving literary sources for Greek mythology.
The myth may have circulated orally before Hesiod wrote it down, so “first recorded” means the earliest surviving full literary account, not necessarily the moment the story was invented. Homer is an important earlier Greek poet, but the Pandora narrative is associated specifically with Hesiod.