Which ancient civilization created the Rosetta Stone’s decree in three scripts?

Ptolemaic Egypt created the decree inscribed on the Rosetta Stone in three scripts.

The Rosetta Stone is a granodiorite stele discovered near the Egyptian town of Rashid, called Rosetta by Europeans, in 1799 during Napoleon’s campaign in Egypt. Its inscription records a decree issued in 196 BC during the reign of Ptolemy V Epiphanes, a ruler of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

The same decree appears in three forms: Egyptian hieroglyphs, Demotic script, and Ancient Greek. Because scholars could read Greek, the parallel text provided a crucial key for deciphering Egyptian writing. Thomas Young made important advances, and Jean-François Champollion announced a major decipherment of hieroglyphs in 1822.

The stone is not a general dictionary or a complete translation of Egyptian. It is a political and religious decree praising the young king and confirming benefits for temples. The British captured it in 1801, and it is now held by the British Museum.