Pompeii was buried by Mount Vesuvius in the eruption of 79 CE and later rediscovered beneath volcanic ash.
The Roman city stood near the Bay of Naples in Campania. When Vesuvius erupted, pumice and ash accumulated over Pompeii before hot pyroclastic surges overwhelmed the settlement. The eruption also buried nearby Herculaneum, but the two cities were affected differently because of their locations and the movement of volcanic material.
Pompeii was forgotten for centuries and was rediscovered during excavations beginning in 1599, although systematic exploration began in the 18th century. The ash preserved streets, houses, shops, wall paintings, mosaics, inscriptions, and everyday objects, creating an unusually detailed record of Roman urban life.
The exact date of the eruption has been debated because ancient manuscripts give different readings, but 24 August 79 CE was long traditional. Archaeological evidence, including coins and autumn produce, has led many researchers to favor a date later in the year, probably October or November. The site is now a major archaeological park.