Which ancient city was buried by Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE?

Pompeii was buried by Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE.

Pompeii was a Roman city near the Bay of Naples in southern Italy. When Vesuvius erupted, layers of ash and pumice covered the settlement, followed by extremely hot surges and debris. The burial preserved streets, houses, shops, public buildings, wall paintings, mosaics, and everyday objects in remarkable detail.

The eruption date is traditionally given as 24 August 79 CE, based on surviving accounts associated with Pliny the Younger, although some archaeological evidence has led scholars to argue for an autumn date. Nearby Herculaneum was also destroyed, but it experienced a different pattern of burial involving hot volcanic material.

Pompeii was rediscovered gradually from the late sixteenth century, while systematic excavations began in the eighteenth century. The site is now one of the most important archaeological sources for Roman daily life. Preservation was not perfect: many residents escaped, and later excavation, weather, and tourism have damaged some structures.