Which agreement ended the Constitutional Convention’s dispute over state representation in Congress?

The Connecticut Compromise ended the Constitutional Convention’s dispute over state representation in Congress.

Also called the Great Compromise, it proposed a bicameral legislature with representation based on population in the House of Representatives and equal representation for every state in the Senate. The convention accepted the arrangement on July 16, 1787.

Large states favored population-based representation because they expected more seats, while small states feared that a population-based system would leave them politically powerless. The compromise preserved a role for both principles: voters would be represented proportionally in one chamber, while states would receive equal standing in the other.

Roger Sherman and Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut were associated with the proposal, which is why it received its geographic name. The compromise did not settle every issue at Philadelphia. Delegates still debated executive power, commerce, slavery, and the relationship between the federal government and the states before completing the Constitution.