Which agreement divided newly claimed overseas territories between Spain and Portugal in 1494?

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided newly claimed overseas territories between Spain and Portugal in 1494.

Negotiated with the involvement of Pope Alexander VI, the treaty established a north–south demarcation line in the Atlantic Ocean. Lands west of the line were generally assigned to Castile, Spain, while lands east of it were assigned to Portugal. The line was placed about 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde islands, though its exact position was difficult to calculate with contemporary navigation.

The agreement helped explain why Brazil became Portuguese while much of the rest of South America became Spanish-speaking. The treaty did not represent the wishes of Indigenous peoples and was later complemented by the 1529 Treaty of Zaragoza, which addressed rival claims in Asia. Other European powers did not accept its authority.