Which 2020 stock-market crash was triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and a simultaneous oil-price shock?

The 2020 crash triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic and a simultaneous oil-price shock was the COVID-19 market crash.

Global stock markets fell rapidly in February and March 2020 as governments restricted travel, closed businesses, and introduced lockdowns to slow the spread of COVID-19. Investor fear was intensified by a breakdown in cooperation between major oil producers, which caused crude-oil prices to plunge.

The S&P 500 entered a bear market on 12 March 2020 and reached its pandemic-era closing low on 23 March. Central banks cut interest rates or expanded asset purchases, while governments introduced large fiscal-support programs. These actions helped markets recover much of the decline later in 2020.

The crash occurred within the broader COVID-19 recession, but the market and economic downturns were not identical. Stock prices recovered faster than employment and many parts of the real economy.