Which 1992 Barcelona Olympic telecommunications tower did Calatrava design?

The 1992 Barcelona Olympic telecommunications tower designed by Santiago Calatrava was the Montjuïc Communications Tower.

Construction ran from 1989 to 1992, and the 136-metre tower was built for Telefónica to transmit television coverage of the Summer Olympics. It stands in Barcelona’s Montjuïc Olympic area and is also widely called Torre Calatrava or Torre Telefónica.

Its leaning white form is often interpreted as an athlete holding or reaching toward an Olympic flame. The tower’s base uses trencadís, a mosaic technique associated with Antoni Gaudí that assembles fragments of broken tiles. Its orientation also allows it to function as a giant sundial, with its shadow indicating the hour across Europa Square.

A common mix-up is Torre de Collserola, another Barcelona telecommunications tower. Collserola is on the Tibidabo hills and was designed by Norman Foster with Spanish engineer Julio Martínez Calzón; it is not Calatrava’s Olympic tower.