Which 1970s market collapse is named for the period from 1973 to 1974?

The market collapse named for the period from 1973 to 1974 is the 1973–1974 stock market crash.

The crash affected major markets internationally during a period of severe economic and political stress. In the United States, the bear market followed the end of a long postwar expansion and coincided with high inflation, slowing growth, and the 1973 oil crisis. The Watergate scandal and uncertainty surrounding U.S. policy also damaged investor confidence.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell substantially from its January 1973 peak to its December 1974 low. The United Kingdom experienced especially severe financial pressure, while other developed markets also recorded major declines.

The oil crisis was an important neighboring event, but it is not the same thing as the stock-market crash. The crash describes the decline in equity prices; the oil crisis describes the sharp disruption and price increase in petroleum markets. Together with inflation and recession, these events helped define the economic troubles of the 1970s.