Which 1942 Nazi operation deported Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to the Treblinka extermination camp?

Grossaktion Warsaw was the 1942 Nazi operation that deported Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto to the Treblinka extermination camp. The operation began on 22 July 1942 and continued for weeks under German occupation authorities.

German and auxiliary forces ordered residents to assemble at the Umschlagplatz, a deportation collection point beside the railway. Trains carried most deportees to Treblinka, where they were murdered shortly after arrival. Historians generally estimate that about 265,000 Jews were deported from the Warsaw Ghetto during the operation, while thousands more were killed in the ghetto itself.

Grossaktion Warsaw is distinct from Operation Reinhard, the broader Nazi program that included the extermination camps Bełżec, Sobibór, and Treblinka. The deportations helped drive the creation of the Jewish Fighting Organization and other resistance groups, culminating in the Warsaw Ghetto uprising in April 1943.