Which 1929 crash day saw the Dow Jones Industrial Average fall nearly 13%?

Black Monday was the 1929 crash day when the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell nearly 13%.

Black Monday occurred on October 28, 1929, immediately before Black Tuesday. The Dow declined 38.33 points, or 12.82%, as panic selling intensified. The following day brought another collapse of about 12%, and the two sessions became the most famous consecutive losses of the Wall Street Crash.

The selling reflected weakened confidence after weeks of falling prices, heavy speculation, and widespread purchases made with borrowed money. Margin calls forced investors to sell shares, which pushed prices lower and generated still more calls. This feedback loop amplified the decline.

Black Monday should not be confused with Black Monday in 1987, which refers to October 19 of that year and produced the largest one-day percentage fall in Dow history. Nor is it the same as Black Thursday, October 24, the first major panic day in the 1929 sequence.