Which 1848 treaty ended the Mexican–American War and transferred California to the United States?

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended the Mexican–American War and transferred California to the United States.

The treaty was signed on February 2, 1848, in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo, near Mexico City. Mexico recognized the Rio Grande as the boundary of Texas and ceded a vast area that included present-day California, Nevada, and Utah, along with most of Arizona and New Mexico and parts of Colorado and Wyoming.

The United States paid Mexico $15 million and assumed certain claims by U.S. citizens against Mexico. The agreement added roughly 525,000 square miles to the United States, but it also created disputes about citizenship, land ownership, and the status of slavery in the acquired territories.

The treaty should not be confused with the Adams–Onís Treaty, which transferred Florida from Spain in 1821, or the Treaty of Paris of 1783, which recognized American independence after the Revolutionary War.