The 17th-century Dutch market bubble that ended in the famous tulip-market crash was Tulip mania.
Tulip mania occurred in the Dutch Republic during the 1630s, when contracts for tulip bulbs—especially rare varieties—were traded at increasingly high prices. The market reached its most intense phase in late 1636 and early 1637. In February 1637, buyers stopped accepting some previously agreed prices, and confidence collapsed.
Later retellings often claim that ordinary Dutch people universally became ruined overnight. Historians have challenged that simplified picture, noting that the surviving evidence is limited and that the economic damage was probably less widespread than popular stories suggest. The episode nevertheless became a lasting example of speculative excess.
Tulip mania was not a modern stock-market crash because the assets were flower bulbs and bulb contracts rather than company shares. It is included in financial-crash history as an early, famous case of a speculative bubble bursting.