Which 1784 nursery-rhyme collection includes a form of the familiar roses-and-violets Valentine verse?

The story behind the answer

The 1784 nursery-rhyme collection that includes an early form of the roses-and-violets Valentine verse is Gammer Gurton's Garland.

Edited by literary antiquary Joseph Ritson, the book was published in London as Gammer Gurton's Garland: or, The Nursery Parnassus. Its verse reads, “The rose is red, the violet blue,” followed by lines about sweetness, love, and being chosen as a Valentine. The wording differs from the modern “Roses are red, violets are blue” formula.

The collection is important because it preserved or printed early versions of many familiar English nursery rhymes, including “There Was an Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe,” “Jack and Jill,” and “Hey Diddle Diddle.” A common mix-up is the subtitle: The Nursery Parnassus is part of the full title, not the separate answer expected here. The verse itself also has older literary echoes, including Edmund Spenser’s 1590 The Faerie Queene.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Sept. 2026

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