Which 1783 treaty recognized the United States as independent and formally ended its war with Great Britain?

The Treaty of Paris (1783) recognized the United States as independent and formally ended its war with Great Britain.

Representatives of the United States and Great Britain signed the treaty in Paris on September 3, 1783. The American negotiators included Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay, and Henry Laurens, while David Hartley represented Britain.

The agreement required Britain to recognize the former Thirteen Colonies as free, sovereign, and independent states. It also established boundaries that gave the United States territory extending west to the Mississippi River and secured fishing rights in parts of the North Atlantic.

Congress ratified the treaty on January 14, 1784, in Annapolis, Maryland. The Treaty of Paris is distinct from the Peace of Paris, the broader group of agreements that also settled Britain’s conflicts with France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic.