Which 1627 tables by Kepler improved planetary predictions using Tycho's data?

The 1627 tables by Kepler that improved planetary predictions using Tycho Brahe's data were the Rudolphine Tables.

Johannes Kepler published the Rudolphine Tables in 1627, combining his mathematical models with the exceptionally precise observations gathered by Tycho Brahe and his assistants. The work included both a star catalogue and planetary tables designed to calculate the positions of the five planets known in classical astronomy, along with the Sun and Moon's relevant motions.

The tables were substantially more accurate than earlier systems. They helped predict events such as the 1631 transit of Mercury, observed by Pierre Gassendi, and the 1639 transit of Venus, observed by Jeremiah Horrocks. Their accuracy made them a major practical achievement of early modern astronomy.

The name commemorates Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, who had employed both Brahe and Kepler and had supported the original project. Rudolf died in 1612, before publication, so the completed tables were dedicated to Emperor Ferdinand II instead. The main alternative in this quiz, the Prutenic Tables, were Reinhold's 1551 work, not Kepler's 1627 publication.