What water-raising machine did Leonardo da Vinci design using a spiral screw inside a cylinder?

Leonardo da Vinci studied and designed versions of Archimedes' screw, a spiral device used to raise water.

An Archimedes' screw consists of a helical surface wrapped around a central shaft inside a tube or trough. When the shaft turns, water is carried upward along the spiral. Leonardo made drawings of screw-based water pumps and explored their use in hydraulic engineering, including irrigation and drainage.

The invention was not originally Leonardo's: ancient Greek tradition associates the screw with Archimedes of Syracuse. Leonardo's contribution was to study, refine, and document mechanical versions during the Renaissance. This distinction matters because Leonardo is often credited too broadly for machines he investigated rather than invented. The screw is also different from Leonardo's aerial screw, which was a flight concept based on a rotating helical surface.