What water-moving machine is Leonardo da Vinci credited with designing using centrifugal force?

Leonardo da Vinci is credited with designing a centrifugal pump for moving water.

A centrifugal pump uses a rotating impeller to give energy to liquid. The liquid moves outward from the center, and the pump casing converts part of that motion into pressure and flow. Leonardo’s design reflects his interest in hydraulic engineering and in mechanisms that could raise or transport water.

The general principle was not created from nothing in the Renaissance: ancient engineers had already developed water-lifting devices, including the Archimedes’ screw. Leonardo’s contribution was his study and design of rotating hydraulic machinery.

A centrifugal pump differs from a reciprocating pump, which moves liquid through repeated piston or diaphragm strokes. Modern centrifugal pumps power water systems, irrigation, industrial equipment, and many household appliances.