What was the title of Alan Turing’s 1950 paper that introduced his famous machine-intelligence test?

Alan Turing introduced his famous machine-intelligence test in the 1950 paper “Computing Machinery and Intelligence.”

The paper appeared in the philosophy journal Mind in October 1950. Rather than asking directly whether machines can think, Turing proposed the “imitation game,” in which an interrogator communicates by text with hidden participants and tries to identify them.

The version commonly called the Turing test developed from this thought experiment. Turing predicted that by the end of the twentieth century, machine conversation might become convincing enough to fool an evaluator under specified conditions. His paper also discussed objections involving consciousness, creativity, mathematics, and learning.

The test is often treated as a simple pass-or-fail benchmark, but Turing’s original discussion was more nuanced. It focused on conversational behavior and avoided requiring agreement about the meaning of “thinking.”