Edwin Hubble’s mother had the surname James at birth.
She was Virginia Lee Hubble, née James, born in 1864 and later the mother of the astronomer Edwin Powell Hubble. The term “née” indicates her family surname before marriage, so James is the answer to the question about her surname at birth.
Hubble was born in Marshfield, Missouri, in 1889. His family moved to Wheaton, Illinois, in 1900, and later relocated to Kentucky. These moves formed part of Hubble’s early life before his studies at the University of Chicago and Oxford and his eventual career in astronomy.
James is sometimes confused with Burke, but Burke was connected with Hubble’s wife, Grace Lillian Burke, not his mother. Hubble’s family background also included his father, John Powell Hubble, an insurance executive. Edwin later became famous for showing that galaxies lie beyond the Milky Way and for observations supporting the expansion of the universe.