What was the nickname of the 1920s U.S. speculative boom that preceded the 1929 crash?

The 1920s U.S. speculative boom that preceded the 1929 crash is commonly called the Roaring Twenties.

The Roaring Twenties describes a period of strong consumer culture, expanding mass production, popular entertainment, and rising asset prices in the United States. Stock ownership broadened, and many people bought shares with borrowed money, known as buying on margin. Optimism encouraged investors to believe that prices would keep rising.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average increased several-fold during the decade before reaching a peak in September 1929. Once prices turned down, margin calls forced borrowers to sell. The resulting pressure contributed to the dramatic market decline in October, including Black Tuesday on October 29.

The nickname covers the wider social and economic decade, not merely Wall Street. The period also included Prohibition, jazz culture, automobile expansion, and rapid urban growth. It ended as the Great Depression developed, but historians do not treat the stock crash alone as the sole cause of that depression.

The New Deal belongs to the 1930s response to the crisis, while the Gilded Age refers mainly to the late nineteenth-century United States.