What was the nickname of the 1873 financial crash that began with a Vienna stock-market collapse?

The 1873 financial crash that began with a Vienna stock-market collapse was called the Panic of 1873.

The Vienna Stock Exchange crashed on May 9, 1873, a day remembered in German-speaking Europe as Black Friday. Speculative investment had expanded rapidly after the Franco-Prussian War, while easy credit and aggressive railway financing pushed share prices beyond sustainable levels.

The shock spread through financial markets in Europe and then across the Atlantic. In the United States, the failure of the banking house Jay Cooke & Company in September 1873 helped trigger a banking panic and the temporary closure of the New York Stock Exchange. The resulting downturn was especially severe in construction, railways, and heavy industry.

The crisis is also associated with the Long Depression, although historians debate the exact dates and geographic scope of that longer period. “Panic of 1873” is the standard name for the crash and banking crisis, while “Long Depression” describes the extended economic aftermath.