The five-member group that drafted the Declaration of Independence was the Committee of Five.
The Second Continental Congress appointed the committee on June 11, 1776. Its members were Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston. Congress asked them to prepare a declaration explaining why the colonies were separating from Great Britain.
Jefferson wrote the initial draft, while the other members reviewed and discussed it. The committee presented the draft to Congress on June 28. Congress then debated and revised the document before adopting it on July 4.
The Committee of Five did not independently enact independence. The Second Continental Congress made the final decision. That difference matters because the drafting committee created the text, while the full Congress represented the thirteen colonies and formally approved it.