The Aztec god of rain and fertility was Tlaloc. He was also associated with water, thunder, lightning, agricultural abundance, and the seasonal renewal that made crops possible.
Tlaloc was not simply a benevolent rain deity. Aztec beliefs recognized that rain could nourish maize or destroy fields through storms, drought, or damaging weather. This made Tlaloc a powerful and potentially dangerous god. His realm, Tlalōcan, was imagined as a lush paradise and an afterlife for people whose deaths were connected with water, lightning, or certain diseases.
His worship predates the Aztec Empire: related rain-god traditions existed in Mesoamerica for centuries, including at Teotihuacan. In Tenochtitlan, one of the two shrines atop the Templo Mayor was dedicated to Tlaloc, beside the shrine of Huitzilopochtli. The association with fertility explains why ceremonies for him were closely tied to maize, farming, and the arrival of the rains.