The 1873 financial crisis that spread from Europe to the United States was the Panic of 1873.
The crisis began with banking and railway-finance failures in central Europe, including the collapse of the Vienna stock market in May 1873. In the United States, the failure of Jay Cooke & Company in September helped trigger a banking panic and the temporary closure of the New York Stock Exchange.
The panic was followed by a prolonged period of weak prices and economic stagnation often called the Long Depression, although historians debate the exact boundaries and severity of that depression. Heavy railroad speculation, overextended credit, and international financial connections made the shock especially broad. The Panic of 1873 is therefore distinct from the later Panic of 1893, which had different immediate triggers.