The 1873 crash that began with a Vienna stock-exchange collapse was the Panic of 1873.
On May 9, 1873, the Vienna Stock Exchange crashed after a period of speculative expansion and rising investment in railways and property. The shock spread through European financial markets and reached the United States, where the failure of the banking firm Jay Cooke & Company helped trigger a severe panic.
The resulting economic downturn is associated with the Long Depression, a period of weak growth and falling prices that affected several industrial economies. Historians debate the exact boundaries and severity of the Long Depression, but the Panic of 1873 is its conventional starting point.
The two names describe related but different things: the Panic of 1873 is the financial crisis, while the Long Depression is the longer economic downturn that followed. The crisis is also sometimes called the Great Depression of the nineteenth century.