What was the name of Leonardo da Vinci's armored vehicle designed for warfare?

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Leonardo da Vinci's armored warfare design is known as Leonardo's fighting vehicle.

Leonardo designed the vehicle around 1487 for Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan. It had a conical, turtle-like shell made of wood and reinforced with metal plates. Several light cannons were arranged around the vehicle so that it could fire in multiple directions while protecting the crew inside.

The vehicle was intended to move through the coordinated operation of several men turning cranks connected to internal wheels. Historians have noted a likely design problem: the gearing shown in the surviving drawing would make the wheels turn in opposite directions. Some scholars think this may have been deliberate, either to prevent unauthorized construction or because the design was unfinished.

Although often called a tank, it was not a modern tank. It had no engine, armored tracks, turret, or successful battlefield record. The modern label is useful as a comparison, but “fighting vehicle” is the more historically cautious description.

Source: Wikipedia · fact-checked Oct. 2026

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