What was the common name of the severe 1929 Wall Street market collapse in the United States?

The severe 1929 Wall Street market collapse is commonly called the Wall Street Crash of 1929.

The crash followed years of rapid share buying, widespread speculation, and purchases made with borrowed money. Share prices began falling in October 1929 after the market had reached extraordinary levels. Heavy selling overwhelmed buyers and damaged confidence in banks, businesses, and households.

The best-known sessions were Black Thursday on October 24, Black Monday on October 28, and Black Tuesday on October 29. The crash itself was not the sole cause of the Great Depression, but it became its most famous financial symbol and helped intensify the economic downturn.

A common mix-up is treating the crash and the Great Depression as identical events. The crash was a market collapse; the depression was a much broader, international economic crisis that lasted through much of the 1930s.