What was the 2020 global stock-market crash primarily associated with?

The 2020 global stock-market crash was primarily associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

As the virus spread internationally in February and March 2020, governments introduced travel restrictions, business closures, and other measures that sharply reduced economic activity. Investors reassessed corporate earnings, supply chains, employment, and the risk of a global recession. Major stock indexes fell rapidly, and trading curbs known as circuit breakers were triggered several times in the United States.

The crash was intensified by a separate oil-price shock in early March, when negotiations among major producers broke down and crude prices plunged. Central banks and governments then introduced extraordinary monetary and fiscal support. Markets recovered from their March lows more quickly than after many historical crashes, although the economic effects and sectoral damage were uneven.

The event is sometimes called the coronavirus crash or COVID-19 crash. Those names refer to the same broad 2020 market episode, while the technical bear-market dates vary slightly by index and country.