What title did Taoist tradition give Laozi as a supreme deity?

Taoist tradition gave Laozi the divine title Taishang Laojun.

Taishang Laojun means “Supreme Elder Lord” and is a deified form of Laozi. In religious Taoism, Laozi was not understood merely as an ancient philosopher; he could be revered as a manifestation of the Dao and as a celestial teacher who appeared in different historical eras.

The title became particularly important in organized Taoist traditions, including the Celestial Masters and later movements. Religious texts often present Taishang Laojun as an authoritative revealer or protector of sacred teachings. This theological figure differs from the historical Laozi, whose biography remains uncertain and partly legendary.

Taishang Laojun is also associated with the Three Pure Ones in some Taoist systems, although classifications and depictions vary among traditions. He should not be confused with the Jade Emperor, another major celestial figure who occupies a different role in Taoist cosmology.