The Maltese is the small dog breed known for its long, white, flowing coat. It is a toy breed traditionally kept as a companion and is recognized by its silky, dense hair, hanging ears, and compact size.
The breed has ancient associations with the Mediterranean, especially Malta, although the precise connection between modern Maltese dogs and ancient small white dogs is uncertain. Small white companion dogs resembling the Maltese appear in accounts and artwork from classical antiquity. The breed was later developed and standardized in Europe.
The Maltese coat is normally pure white, though a pale ivory tinge may be permitted by some standards. Unlike a curly-coated Bichon Frise or the often multicolored Havanese, the Maltese has a straight, silky coat that can grow almost to the ground when left long. Regular grooming is essential to prevent tangles and matting.
The Coton de Tulear is another small white companion breed, but its coat is typically cotton-like and textured rather than the Maltese’s sleek, flowing hair. The Maltese was recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1888.