What self-recognition test uses a mark on an animal and a mirror?

The self-recognition test that uses a mark on an animal and a mirror is the mirror test.

Often called the mark test or mirror self-recognition test, it places a visible mark on a body area the subject cannot normally see. After encountering a mirror, an animal that investigates or touches the mark on its own body may be showing that it understands the reflection as itself rather than as another animal.

American psychologist Gordon Gallup Jr. developed the modern experimental version in 1970, using chimpanzees. The classic procedure commonly involves a non-tactile mark, sometimes applied while the animal is anesthetized, so that touch or irritation does not independently attract attention. Human children are often tested with the related rouge test, in which makeup is placed on the face.

Passing the mirror test is not a complete measure of intelligence or self-awareness. Species may rely heavily on smell, sound, or touch and therefore perform poorly in a visual test. Researchers also debate whether failure reflects a lack of self-recognition or simply unfamiliarity with mirrors and the test procedure. The test is therefore evidence of visual self-recognition, not a universal consciousness exam.