What rotating machine did Leonardo da Vinci design to weave textiles more efficiently?

Leonardo da Vinci designed a mechanical loom to automate parts of textile weaving.

Leonardo’s notebooks contain designs for machines intended to improve textile production. His mechanical-loom concept used coordinated moving parts to help handle operations that traditional weavers performed by hand. The drawings reflect his broader interest in converting repetitive human work into controlled mechanical motion.

A loom interlaces lengthwise threads, called warp, with crosswise threads, called weft. Leonardo studied mechanisms for moving and guiding these threads, but his design should not be confused with the industrial power loom that transformed manufacturing centuries later.

The surviving sketches do not prove that Leonardo built a successful production machine. They do show detailed mechanical analysis and an understanding of how cams, frames, and synchronized motion could be combined. The later spinning jenny and Jacquard loom were separate inventions developed by other people in different periods.