What Roman Catholic church in Vatican City holds the New Year's Eve Vespers and Te Deum service led by the pope?

St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City holds the New Year's Eve Vespers and Te Deum service led by the pope.

The service is part of the Catholic Church's liturgical observance on December 31, the feast of Saint Sylvester I. It includes evening prayer, known as Vespers, and the Te Deum, an ancient Christian hymn of thanksgiving. The pope traditionally presides over the service in St. Peter's Basilica, where the setting links the ceremony to the central church of the Vatican.

St. Peter's Basilica stands in Vatican City and was built over the traditional site associated with Saint Peter's burial. The present basilica was constructed over several centuries, with major contributions from architects including Bramante, Michelangelo, and Bernini. Its dome and colonnaded square make it one of the world's best-known religious landmarks.

The service is distinct from the pope's New Year's Day Mass, which marks the Solemnity of Mary, the Holy Mother of God, on January 1. New Year's Eve observances therefore have their own liturgical structure and purpose.