What region of Vietnam is listed as pho's region or state of origin?

Pho’s listed region or state of origin is Northern Vietnam.

The soup first appeared in written records in the early 20th century, especially around Hanoi and Nam Định in northern Vietnam. Its early development reflected local rice-noodle traditions alongside influences from Chinese cooking and French colonial-era foodways. Street vendors sold pho from mobile kitchens before permanent shops became common.

Northern pho, often called phở Bắc or Hanoi pho, is usually associated with a clear, savory broth, wider rice noodles, and restrained garnishes such as scallions and cilantro. Southern pho developed a different profile, commonly featuring a sweeter, cloudier broth, bean sprouts, fresh herbs, lime, and sauces.

The regional distinction does not mean pho is eaten only in the north today. It became a nationwide Vietnamese dish and later spread internationally through migrants and refugees. Central Vietnam is instead especially associated with other noodle soups, including bún bò Huế.