What pumping machine did Leonardo da Vinci study for lifting water?

Leonardo da Vinci studied and redesigned the Archimedes' screw as a machine for lifting water.

An Archimedes' screw consists of a helical surface inside a tube or trough. Turning the screw carries water upward from one level to another. Leonardo's notebooks contain studies of screws, pumps, and fluid motion, reflecting his interest in irrigation, drainage, and hydraulic engineering.

The machine was not Leonardo's invention: it is traditionally associated with Archimedes of Syracuse, who lived in the third century BCE. Leonardo's contribution was his detailed analysis and adaptation of hydraulic mechanisms. Some drawings show more elaborate screw forms and arrangements than the ancient examples. The device remains useful where water must be raised gradually, although modern pumps generally use electric motors and different mechanical principles.