The orange-colored flight recorder is commonly called a black box.
A modern commercial aircraft normally carries two related recording systems: the flight data recorder, which stores aircraft parameters, and the cockpit voice recorder, which preserves cockpit audio. Investigators use them to reconstruct events after an accident or serious incident.
Despite the name, recorders are generally painted bright orange or another highly visible color, often with reflective markings, to make recovery easier. They also contain an underwater locator beacon for searches involving water.
The nickname “black box” has several proposed origins, and its exact history is debated. It does not mean the device is black today. The recorder is also not intended to survive every crash intact, but it is heavily protected against heat, impact and pressure.