The 9 March 2020 global stock-market plunge was called Black Monday.
Stock markets fell sharply on 9 March 2020 as investors reacted to the rapidly spreading COVID-19 pandemic and the collapse of an oil-production agreement between OPEC and Russia. The S&P 500 fell about 7.6%, triggering a temporary trading halt known as a circuit breaker. Major European and Asian indexes also declined.
The oil dispute began after Russia rejected proposed production cuts, while Saudi Arabia responded by lowering prices and announcing plans to increase output. The resulting oil-price shock combined with fears of business closures, disrupted supply chains, and a global recession.
The 2020 crash included several severe sessions. Another Black Monday occurred on 16 March, when the S&P 500 fell nearly 12%. The nickname therefore identifies a specific 2020 trading day, not the entire pandemic-era market decline.