What nickname is commonly given to the US stock-market crash of 1901?

The US stock-market crash of 1901 is commonly called the Rich Man’s Panic.

The episode began after a struggle for control of the Northern Pacific Railway. Investor groups led by E. H. Harriman and James J. Hill opposed interests associated with J. P. Morgan and others. A buying frenzy pushed Northern Pacific shares sharply upward, creating a corner in which short sellers faced enormous losses.

When the speculative position unwound, the market fell abruptly on May 9, 1901. The damage was concentrated among financiers and large investors, which helped produce the nickname Rich Man’s Panic. The crisis did not become a depression on the scale of 1893, but it exposed the dangers of concentrated railroad ownership and aggressive speculation.

It is sometimes confused with the Panic of 1907, a later banking crisis. The 1901 episode centered especially on Northern Pacific shares and control of a major railroad.