What nickname identifies the severe stock-market fall on October 19, 1987?

The severe stock-market fall on October 19, 1987, is known as Black Monday.

The name refers to the day when the Dow Jones Industrial Average plunged 22.6 percent, its largest one-day percentage decline. The selling was not confined to the United States: stock exchanges across Asia, Europe, and other regions also recorded extraordinary losses.

Several forces contributed, including high valuations, rising interest rates, trade tensions, and automated trading strategies. Portfolio insurance programs were intended to reduce risk, but their automatic selling added to downward momentum in a rapidly falling market.

Black Monday is distinct from Black Tuesday in 1929, although both names describe famous Wall Street panics. The 1987 crash was followed by a relatively quick recovery and did not produce the prolonged economic collapse associated with the early 1930s.