What newspaper did Mark Twain co-own in Buffalo, New York?

Mark Twain co-owned the Buffalo Express newspaper in Buffalo, New York. More precisely, Samuel Langhorne Clemens purchased a one-third interest in the Buffalo Morning Express in 1869 and worked for the paper as a co-editor.

Twain’s move to Buffalo marked an important transition in his career. He arrived with growing national fame after The Innocents Abroad and joined the newspaper while hoping to establish a more settled life. His future father-in-law, Jervis Langdon, helped finance the purchase, and Twain began editing and contributing sketches, editorials, and local commentary.

His ownership did not mean that he ran the paper alone. Josephus Nelson Larned and other partners were involved, and Twain spent periods away on lecture tours. His active connection with the newspaper lasted roughly from 1869 to 1871.

The name is sometimes expanded to Buffalo Morning Express, but Buffalo Express is the standard short form and the single canonical answer. Buffalo Courier and Buffalo News refer to different newspaper titles or later publishing histories.