What multi-barreled firearm did Leonardo da Vinci design with three rows of cannons?

Leonardo da Vinci designed a 33-barrel organ, a multi-barreled firearm arranged in three rows of 11 cannons.

The weapon was intended to increase the rate of fire compared with a single cannon. While one row was being fired, another could be prepared, and the frame could be repositioned to bring the next row into action. The name “organ” refers to the visual arrangement of many parallel barrels, which resembles the pipes of a musical organ.

Leonardo’s design belongs to the broader family of organ guns, also called ribauldequins or volley guns. Such weapons appeared in different forms before and after Leonardo, so he was not the sole inventor of the general concept. His drawing is notable for its clearly organized three-row layout.

The weapon was not a modern machine gun. It required manual loading, powder, and ignition, and its effectiveness would have depended heavily on crew training and battlefield conditions.