What mechanical knight did Leonardo da Vinci design to move its arms and jaw?

Leonardo da Vinci designed a robotic knight that could move its arms and jaw.

He created the design in 1495 for a pageant in Milan commissioned by Ludovico Sforza. The machine was dressed in armor and used a system of pulleys, cables, gears, and levers operated by a person inside or by an external mechanism. Its planned movements included sitting, standing, raising its visor, and moving its arms.

The robot was not an autonomous robot in the modern electronic sense. It was a mechanical automaton, meaning that prearranged mechanical actions produced its movement. The original machine was lost, and the design became widely known only after researchers reconstructed it from Leonardo's notes.

In 2002, roboticist Mark Rosheim built a working interpretation based on the surviving drawings. The reconstruction helped show that Leonardo's mechanism was mechanically plausible, although it cannot prove exactly how the lost original performed.